Astragalus cultivation and cultivation techniques

Also known as Astragalus, Astragalus and Astragalus, Astragalus is a perennial herb of the family Leguminosae. Red peony is divided into red peony and white peony (commonly known as high vine and low vine), red vines have low yield, red vines have low yields; yellow peony is divided into Northeast Yellow buckwheat (Mount jaundice) and Inner Mongolia Astragalus membranaceus (Mianhuangjing), its roots are dried for medicinal purposes, there are qi solid table, diuretic, purifying pus, myogenic and other effects; governance shortness of breath, collapse, palpitations, spontaneous perspiration, physical edema, chronic nephritis, dehydration , chronic diarrhea, uterine prolapse, sore mouth does not heal for a long time. First, the growth habits: yellow (red) 芪 plant height 50-80 cm, the main root is thick, cylindrical, with a little lignified; red turmeric root rough, reddish-brown, internal red and yellow, white and red root rind pale white, The interior is pale yellow; the root of A. sinensis is light brown, with yellowish-white inside; the stems are erect, the upper part is more branched, the leaves are odd-pinnate, alternately round, or oblong, all green, racemes, axillary, diabolo. Yellow (red) cockroach is a deep-rooted plant, and should be planted in fertile, loose, well-drained sandy soil; hi-cold climate, strong drought resistance, cold-resistant, heat-tolerant and cockroaches, high temperature often inhibit growth; seed coat Harder, poor water absorption, low germination rate, seed germination does not like high temperature; avoid heavy mash, not in heavy salt alkali, depression, clay land. Second, the cultivation techniques: 1, in the higher elevation of the landscape river, two shade planting. 2, choose mouthwash: should not be connected with potatoes, chrysanthemum, Atractylodes, to avoid rotation with legume crops, avoid replanting. 3. Fertilization and soil preparation: Select high-lying, deep soil, loose, well-drained, neutral or alkaline sandy loam or land of glutinous sand, cultivating more than 5,000 kg of circumfertilizer per acre when ploughing and soil preparation, cake fertilizer 50 Kilograms (with little or no use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in accordance with GAP standards, areas with no source of pollution should be selected in the area of ​​the plot size), and the soil should be finely leveled and sorghum should be done in rainy conditions. 4. Seed treatment: There is a pectin layer on the seed coat, the seed coat is extremely hard, the water absorption is poor, and the emergence rate is low. Seeds must be treated before sowing. The following methods may be used depending on the specific conditions. (1) Boiling water germination: firstly put the seeds into boiling water and stir rapidly for 1 minute. Immediately add cold water to reduce the temperature to 40 degrees, then soak for 2 hours, then pour out the water, and add seeds and other materials to the seeds for 12 hours until the seeds are ready. Swell when inflated or when the skin is broken. (2) Sulfuric acid treatment: For later-maturing hard seeds, soak in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 70-80 for 3-5 minutes, and take out and quickly soak in running water for half an hour before sowing. (3) Fine sand abrasion: In the seed, fine sand is added to the friction seed coat to make the seed coat slightly worn so as to facilitate water absorption and greatly increase the germination rate. The seed is treated and placed in a 30-50 degree warm water to soak 3-4 Hours, soak after water swelling. This method is commonly used for planting. 5. Planting methods: There are two kinds of live broadcasting and seedling transplanting. (1) Live Broadcasting Method: New seeds produced in the previous year after artificial treatment were sowed in spring from the end of March to the beginning of April. They could also be sown in winter before land is frozen in November of that year. Winter sowing seeds did not undergo any treatment. In the whole plot, the spacing is 30 centimeters, the spacing is 12 centimeters, and the seeding cover is 2 centimeters thick, with a little repression. The amount of mu is 3 kilograms. (2) Transplanting seedlings and seedlings: The general live production is low, the quality is poor, and the seedling protection is difficult. Therefore, cultivation should be carried out by means of seedling transplanting. In spring or summer, after the seeds are pre-treated, they are evenly thrown into the fields at a seeding amount of 7 kilograms per acre. The soil thickness of the cover is 2 cm. A thin layer of fine sand is laid. The water should be sprayed several times during the drought. The seedlings should be sprayed for 30 days. It can be used for the seedling stage. The seedlings should be planted with secondary stigma, and the distance between rows and plants should be 6-8 cm. The pests and diseases should be prevented and controlled. In mid-October of that year, the buried soil should be stored for heat preservation, or transplanted to the seedlings before germination in the second spring. In the middle of the field, when transplanting, press 20 cm to open the ditch and place the seedlings obliquely by 10 cm of plant spacing so that the upper part of the seedling stands upright, 3-4 cm from the ground, and the surface is flattened. 6, field management: (1) seedlings Dingmiao: live before the seedlings when the height of 3-4 cm, for the thinning and transplanting seedlings, the seedling height of 10 cm, according to the spacing of 12 cm from the seedlings. Combine the seedlings with the seedlings to carry out the cultivating of tussah, and when it is particularly dry, it can be properly watered. (2) chase fertilizer material: yellow (red) wolfberry more hi-fat, based on the application of basal fertilizer on the basis of annual additional 2-3 times, the first Miao Qi or return to green, top-dressing manure per acre; After the cultivating, the mu will be followed by the loop fertilizer; for the third time, 2000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure will be planted on the perennial mussels in the winter after the seedlings are dried, 150 kg of the cake fertilizer will be mixed evenly, and the ditch will be applied between the rows. (3) Irrigation water draining: After watering the seedlings, generally do not water, keep the ground a little dry, and carry out appropriate seedlings to extend the root strips. When the weather is particularly dry, it can be properly watered. The rainy season should pay attention to drainage and prevent rot. (4) Pest control: When larvae and other underground pests are found during the growth period, 90% solid trichlorfon is used to compose 1000-fold drop irrigation plants; 40% dimethoate EC can be applied to aphids to spray 1000 times, spraying in the green period. Both the prevention and treatment of the role of Astragalus membranaceus wasp; newborn larvae of soybean meal with 50% of malathion 1500-2000 times solution, powdery mildew available Baume degree of 0.1-0.3 degrees of lime sulfur spray, or acres with 70 -100g triadimefon formulated 500 times spray. 7, choose to stay good seed: harvest yellow (red), when the selection of the upper part of the stem is short and weak, the underground hypertrophy and long side rarely, when the roots are not blooming for planting. Cut the roots under the head of the reed and plant them in a paddy field with a base weight of 40 cm. The spacing between the plants is 26 cm. The depth of the ditch is 20 cm. Place the roots vertically in the furrows with the buds facing up and the top of the reeds off the ground. -3 cm, compacted. From July to September, flowering and seeding occurs. When the seeds turn brown, they pick the fruit and follow them. After drying out of the seed, remove the impurities, into a bag or sack, placed in a ventilated and dry place for storage. 8, harvest processing: management measures are correct, yellow (red) wolfberry sowing in winter or spring transplanting can be harvested in the year, but also three years harvest. Generally, in early January, when the stems and leaves of plants are withered, the upper part of the stems and leaves are cut off, and a 60-70 cm deep ditch is opened at one end of the depression, and then the soil is pulled out with a long iron fork to remove the earth and remove the dirt. Lutou, when the sun reaches 7-80% dry, cut off the lateral roots and fibrous roots, tying them into small ones, and then dry them up to dryness, then they can be put on the market for sale. Perennial fresh produce is exported for peeling processing. Let it dry.