Coconut cultivation environment and cultivation techniques

VIII. Coconut (1) Cultivation Environment and Cultivation Techniques 1. Requirements for Environmental Conditions Coconuts are typical tropical crops and require sufficient sunlight to grow best in coastal regions where rainfall is high and distribution is uniform and at low altitudes. (1) Temperature requirements Temperature is a limiting factor that affects the range and yield of coconuts. In the average annual temperature of 24-25 °C, the temperature difference is small, throughout the frost-free areas, coconut can normal flowering results. The ideal annual average temperature is 26-27°C. The minimum monthly average temperature is not less than 20°C, and the temperature difference does not exceed 5-7°C. The coconut grows lushly, develops normally, and has a high yield. In the tropical fringe areas, occasionally low temperature, short-term extreme low temperature reached 0 °C, coconut can tolerate, but the fruit growth and development is affected. The safe winter temperature of coconut palm is 8°C, continuous low temperature below 8°C for 18 days, cold accumulation of 85.8°C, coconut cold damage rate of 70%, (Guangdong Shangdao)--1997 data). Continuous low temperature for 31 days with 82.8°C of accumulated cold, 100% of coconut damage, (Guangxi Beihai)-1977 data), safe wintering temperature of 13°C for coconut and young leaves, and 40-80 days of continuous low temperature below 13°C. , Cold winter 23-380 °C, coconut and young leaves (heart) cold damage rate of 95% -109%. The mild chilling of coconuts is generally different from that of ordinary tropical crops. The old leaves dries first, but the young leaves of common tropical crops are first frozen. (1) Requirements for water 1. The area where the rainfall is 1300-2300 mm in annual rainfall, uniform distribution and good soil drainage, the growth and development of coconut is most suitable. If the rainfall is as high as 3,800 mm, it can be tolerated. If the groundwater level is high or there are irrigation conditions, the annual rainfall of 600-800 mm can also be adapted. Severe drought can affect coconut production. The groundwater level is low and rainfall is below 50 mm for 3 consecutive months, and coconut production will be affected. 2. Humidity Air humidity is related to rainfall, local environment, temperature and sunshine. It directly affects the transpiration of coconut leaves. It is generally believed that 80%-90% humidity is more suitable, but not less than 60%. The transpiration rate is high, and the root system absorbs water quickly and absorbs more nutrients. As a result, coconut trees can be adapted to high water levels, well-watered areas, and low humidity. Excessive humidity reduces transpiration and inhibits nutrient uptake. 3. Adaptability to winds Typhoons are a catastrophic disaster for tropical crops. Coconuts have strong wind resistance in tropical crops. Normal winds in the coastal areas are 3-4, which is good for coconut growth, development and yield. For spreading pollen, transpiration is beneficial. Tropical storms 7-8 have little effect on coconut leaf and fruit yields. Tropical storms of 9-10 caused some coconut leaves to be blown off and some coconuts were blown off. Severe typhoons at grades 11-12 and above caused large amounts of coconut fruit to be blown off and most of the leaves were blown off, seriously affecting the current year and the output in the coming year. However, the recovery ability after the wind is very strong. After the year, all the coconuts have regenerated. 4. The requirements for light The coconut is a strong light crop that requires sufficient sunlight. It is generally believed that the annual amount of light should reach 2000 hours and reach 120 hours per month. Below this level, the coconut grows poorly. 5. Latitude and altitude requirements Coconuts are generally suitable for planting in low-altitude areas along the coast and in 100-200 meters above sea level. Relevant literature reports: Elevation.'' Meters can grow coconuts below. At an altitude of 300 meters, the temperature is still high and the rainfall is sufficient. The coconut can still grow well and the yield is also high. For example, in Tongshi City, Hainan Province, 400 meters above sea level, the growth, development, and good results of coconuts. However, coconuts are generally suitable for low-latitude and low-altitude cultivation. 6. Requirements for soil conditions The growth of coconuts is not strict with the soil, and it can grow on all kinds of soils with strong adaptability. From coastal sandy soil to inland clay soil, from poorly drained but low-lying land to well-drained slopes, from strong acid peat soil to alkaline lime soil, coral-weathered islands, and volcanic soil coconut. Adaptability to soil 12 is also very wide, usually Ph5-8 can adapt to coconut growth. Fei Limeng et al. classified the soils of the world's major coconut producing areas into five categories in 1966: sand, red clay, alluvial soil, volcanic clay and clay. Although coconuts are highly adaptable and distributed over a wide range of soils in the tropics, the most suitable soils for planting coconuts are loose texture, deep alluvial soils and sandy soils, and well-drained, well-watered and nutrient-rich soils.